General description of molded pulp environmental protection tableware

With the rapid development of the times and the acceleration of people's life rhythm, disposable tableware has become a daily necessary consumable for many people. With the growth of market demand, the quality and safety of disposable tableware and the potential threat of discarded tableware to the existing environment have become increasingly prominent. Although China issued the "Notice on Catering Enterprises to Stop Using Disposable Foam Plastic Tableware" in 2001, it still occupies a large market share by virtue of its advantages of light weight, heat preservation and pressure resistance, and low price, the harm of foam tableware to the human body and the environment can not be ignored. Its excessive use increases the burden on the environment, which runs counter to the "energy saving and emission reduction" proposed by our country in recent years. "Disposable foam tableware" environmental alternatives came into being, straw green lunch box with its easy degradation, recyclable, less pollutant emissions, clean raw materials and a wide range of sources, non-toxic to the human body and other characteristics, to the world to show it environmental protection, health, low price and resource conservation and a series of advantages.
The total annual output of crops in China ranks in the forefront of the world, and with the continuous growth of crop production, a large number of straw will be produced every year, so that China has become one of the countries with rich straw resources. At present, how to recycle this kind of straw organic resources has become the focus of people's attention.

However, in the process of straw utilization, it is affected by the type of feed and the purpose of production. With the treatment of physical methods, straw still has problems such as low digestion efficiency and less available nutrients. In addition, after chemical treatment such as alkalization and ammoniation, although the nutritional value has been improved, the production cost is high and the environmental pollution is serious, so that its utilization and promotion are limited.
2.3 straw as fuel
The heat energy of straw is about half of that of standard coal, which has a high calorific value. China has a large rural population, and a large part of the area directly uses straw as fuel, thus reducing the combustion of fossil fuels and the consumption of coal resources. However, the burning of straw will pollute the environment, reduce the air quality, and easily induce fire, a large number of burning, especially at night, and even cause the heat island circulation between urban and suburban areas, radiation inversion, resulting in serious air pollution in urban areas, which is extremely harmful to human health. In addition, burning straw causes waste of bioenergy and makes the ecosystem unbalanced. Therefore, the problem of nutrient loss and environmental pollution caused by straw burning is one of the thorny problems in the comprehensive utilization of straw.
2.4 straw as industrial raw material
Straw treated by gasification, fermentation and the like can be used as industrial raw materials. Straw gasification technology is the high temperature pyrolysis of crushed straw through dry distillation gasifier equipment, through dry distillation, pyrolysis, gasification into carbon monoxide and hydrogen and other combustible mixed gas, therefore, can produce a large number of straw in agricultural areas as gasification raw materials, through the way of centralized gas supply to provide farmers with gas. Straw biogas technology is mainly the use of straw and livestock manure mixed fermentation to make biogas, which can not only consume a large amount of straw, but also solve the problem of fuel shortage in rural areas.
In recent years, biogas demonstration projects have gradually increased in China, but there are still some problems in technology, such as complex fermentation equipment, harsh reaction conditions, low utilization rate of raw materials, high energy consumption and low gas production rate.
3 The comparative advantage of straw tableware
1) Straw is a kind of crop waste, with wide source, large output, local materials, and compared with traditional disposable environmental protection tableware, such as starch and paper tableware, the material cost is low, no pollution, and easy to be degraded by the environment. At the same time, the product has better thermal insulation effect than foamed plastic and paper tableware, excellent strength, stiffness, oil resistance, heat resistance, acid and alkali resistance, freezing resistance and other properties;
2) Non-toxic and harmless, green and environmentally friendly. The raw materials of the product are all green plants, and there is no waste liquid, toxic gas and waste residue pollution in the production process, and the production water can be recycled. The used lunch boxes can be reused as livestock feed, auxiliary fuel, etc., or naturally degraded into organic fertilizer;
3) The flour, rice flour, etc. or their mixtures used in the process of making tableware are all natural compounds, which meet the food hygiene standards and are non-toxic, harmless and degradable;
4) The domestic production process is mature, with the advantages of short process and low investment. It can be used for mass production and has strong applicability. It can be processed into various shapes according to requirements, which is convenient and beautiful, and makes up for the poor hardness of paper tableware.
4 Process Flow
Fundamentals of 4.1
The principle of straw green environmental protection tableware is that the raw material straw is finely crushed and coarsely crushed after being cleaned and dried to make it into powdery material. Non-toxic starch colloid or carbohydrate adhesive is selected to mix and press the powdery material and water, the tableware is precompressed and molded, and the pressure holding molding is carried out after the water vapor generated in the production is exhausted by exhaust gas.
Selection of 4.2 raw materials
Straw has the characteristics of small density, wide source and small modulus, and in the cutting, compression and crushing process reflects the tensile, compression and shear resistance and other high mechanical strength and other properties, can play a skeleton support role in tableware. Based on the above advantages, so in the production process to choose straw, straw and other products as the main raw materials.
Selection of 4.3 adhesives
According to the characteristics of the disposable tableware itself and its process formula, the selected adhesive must meet the conditions of non-toxic, in line with national health standards and health requirements. In the production process of straw environmental protection tableware, the adhesive used is a natural compound. After moderate oxidation, the molecular structure and properties of starch are changed to control the solubility and viscosity of starch. Polyvinyl alcohol is a degradable thermoplastic polymer adhesive with the advantages of impact resistance, good viscosity and no pollution. It can be used as an auxiliary adhesive to improve the comprehensive performance of the product.

4.4 process flow
The production of disposable fast tableware with plant crude fiber as raw material is mainly dry and wet process routes (Figure 1, Figure 2). At present, dry production is usually selected.
Social significance of 5 plant cellulose environmental protection tableware promotion
People's environmental awareness and quality keep pace with the times, the state gradually banned the use of plastic products and proposed the upgrading of general degradable materials, the business opportunities and market potential of fully degradable materials and their process equipment are gradually recognized and explored at the same time, its huge social value is also emerging.
5.1 extend the agricultural industry chain
Different from starch products, plant straw does not waste food and does not need to be produced separately. At the same time, it can increase farmers' income and optimize the structure of resources and energy, which plays an important role in the sustainable development of China's economy and society. Using it as a raw material for material production can extend the agricultural industry chain, and the acquisition, storage, processing, sales, transportation and other links generated by it can increase rural jobs.
Impact of 5.2 on ecosystems
Plastic products are scattered in tourist areas, water bodies, landscapes, roads and farmland soil, and are difficult to degrade after entering the environment, and will greatly reduce the natural fertility and water holding capacity of the soil, causing deep and long-term problems to the ecosystem. The acquisition of raw materials for traditional disposable tableware will cause extreme development of food and forest resources. Compared with this, straw tableware saves resources, the production process is relatively environmentally friendly, and the amount of pollution is small. It can be fully degraded after entering the environment and will not affect animals and The soil causes harm, and the density is relatively high, and it will not fly up with the wind to damage the appearance of the city.
5.3 Mitigating Threats to Urban Population Health
Straw burning is one of the municipal problems that have been repeatedly banned. It not only destroys the environment, but also causes great harm to human health. The full development and utilization of this "misplaced resource" will reduce the burden of incineration on the atmospheric environmental capacity, optimize the urban living environment, and reduce the threat to human health. The use of straw as raw material to make tableware solves the problem of disposal and reuse of waste straw, while avoiding the harm to the ecological environment caused by burning, and increasing part of the income of rural residents and eliminating a huge hidden danger to the health of urban people.
6 Prospects and prospects
my country is the world's largest disposable tableware consumer market. After the disposable foam tableware was explicitly banned, the demand for degradable tableware in my country's fast food market has increased sharply. Straw green environmental protection tableware has ushered in a good development opportunity and has become the elimination of white pollution. Powerful weapon. Straw green environmental protection tableware conforms to the trend of social progress and the development of the times, and promotes and popularizes the discarded straw as a huge renewable resource, prolongs the agricultural industry chain, promotes the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, improves the living conditions of farmers, and reduces the large number of personnel. It is of great significance to maintain the sustainable development of social economy, the related straw utilization industry will also be in line with the national industrial structure adjustment and the reduction of energy consumption per unit of GDP, so it will have broad prospects for development.